ABSTRACT
The tRNA-derived fragments (tRF and tiRNA) are a newly discovered type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that has been found to be stably expressed in peripheral blood. Studies have shown that tRF and tiRNA play important roles in human tumors by regulating multiple processes, including gene expression and silencing, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and protein translation. The tissue-speci-ficity, high abundance, and stability of tRF and tiRNA, along with their broad-spectrum functional roles, confer them significant advan-tages for use in the field of oncology research. There is increasing evidence that aberrantly expressed tRF and tiRNA may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. This paper summarizes the source, structure, biological charac-teristics, and functions of different tRF and tiRNA subtypes and explores their potential relationship with tumors and their underlying mechanisms in order to provide a novel idea for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the community structure of intestinal bacteria from patients with cirrhosis and its influencing factors. Methods From 2016 to 2017, 24 patients with liver cirrhosis ( the LC group) and 23 healthy family members of patients ( the HC group) were enrolled at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University. A comparative analysis of the community structure of intestinal bacteria was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in LC and HC groups. Combined with LEfSe analysis and NMDS analysis, the differential markers were screened and the factors affecting the intestinal community structure of subjects were studied. Results The dominant six phylum of bacteria in intestines in LC and HC groups included Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Tenericumes. However, in the LC sample, Firmicutes was significantly reduced, while Bacteroides was significantly increased. The diversity of intestinal bacteria was significantly reduced, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was significantly decreased, suggesting a variation of the community structure in intestinal bacteria of cirrhosis patients. The LEfSe result indicated that the abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillales, Bacilli, and Bacteroidetes showed a significant difference in the LC sample, which may be used as potential marked bacterial groups for cirrhosis. The NMDS analysis revealed a positive relationship between the concentration of Cd and Pb and the abundance of intestinal bacteria in the LC sample. Conclusion The community structure of intestinal bacteria from patients with cirrhosis has changed. Enterococcus, Lactobacillales, Bacilli, and Bacteroidetes are potential marked bacterial groups. The concentration of Cd and Pb in the intestinal tract of cirrhosis patients may interact with the abundance and structure of bacteria, and further affect the occurrence and development of cirrhosis.
ABSTRACT
Adoptive immune cells can regulate and strengthen immune function of cancer patients,thus effectively inhibit tumor escaping.Cytokine induced killer cells (CIK),natural killer cells (NK),tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL),dendritic cells (DC),T cell receptor-modified T cells (TCR-T) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) eliminate tumor by killing tumor cells directly or stimulating the immune response against tumor cells through different mechanisms.
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SWI/SNF is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex .ARID1 A gene is an important subunit of SWI/SNF complex and its dysfunction can cause abnormal chromatin remodeling , resulting in tumorigenesis .AR-ID1A occurs frequently low expression or deletion mutation in a variety of malignant tumors , such as ovarian canc-er, liver cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer and so on, which indicates that ARID1A is an impor-tant tumor suppressor gene .
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation between invasion ability and cytoskeleton remodeling of hepatocarcinoma cell by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and to explore mechanical properties during genesis,development and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Four HCC cell lines (MHCC-97H,MHCC-97L,SMMC-7721 ,Huh-7 )with different invasive ability were studied.Mechanical parameter (Young′s modulus)was measured by AFM.The pattern of cytoskeleton remodeling of HCC cell lines with different invasive ability was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The difference of cell invasive ability was tested by cell scratch experiment in other to verify mechanical data.Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences between groups.Results The results of AFM indicated that Young′s modulus of cytoplasma area and nucleus area decreased gradually as cell invasion ability increased (χ2 =472.78,622.43,both P <0.01).According to invasive ability from low to high,Young′s modulus of cell cytoplasm area of Huh-7,SMMC-7721 ,MHCC-97L and MHCC-97H were 1 602.43 (845 .48,3 317.25)Pa,1 055 .28 (367.48,2 280.77)Pa,1 026.78 (369.20,2 019.96)Pa and 503.12 (366.11 ,700.31)Pa,respectively.Young′s modulus of cell nucleus area of Huh-7,SMMC-7721 ,MHCC-97L and MHCC-97H were 2 823.98 (1 262.78,4 440.07 )Pa,1 313.43 (590.71 , 2 678.62)Pa,1 285 .17 (583.29,1 961 .19)Pa and 655 .57 (441 .29,943.39)Pa,respectively.The results of immunofluorescent staining showed that the stronger the cell invasive ability,the worse cytoskeletal integrity and more irregular cell microfilament distribution. In cell scratch assay, the migration rate of MHCC-97H was 46.67% in 24 h and 86.47% in 48 h,that of MHCC-97L was 45 .70%in 24 h and 82.86% in 48 h,that of SMMC-7721 was 39.41 % in 24 h and 79.85 % in 48 h and that of Huh-7 was 34.60% in 24 h and 72.09% in 48 h,which showed that the cell migration orderly in creased as the cell invasion ability increased.Conclusions It seemed that HCC with higher invasive ability had lower Young′s modulus,softer cell,stronger deformability,worse cytoskeleton integrity and more irregular cell structure,and vice versa.